Relationship and applications of utm projection and gauss. Application of map projection transformation in measurement of a. This conformal projection is the transverse form of the mercator projection and is also known as the gauss krueger projection. When paired with a suitable geodetic datum, the transverse mercator delivers high accuracy in zones less than a few degrees in eastwest extent. Biography of author rod deakin started work in 1968 age 17 as a surveyors assistant with john horne of frankston, victoria and fell in the kananook creek on his first day. At present, utm projection is used to compile topographic map by the majority of nations in the world, such as america, japan, canada, france, brazil, switzerland, etc, but gausskruger projection is used by other nations, such as china, vietnam, d. The parameters used for the gauss kruger projection in badenwuerttemberg are. Oftast anvands termen som en synonym till transversal mercator, som ar en typ av kartprojektion. In contrast, the utm map is highly inaccurate only one half zones away from the home. The ellipsoidal form of the transverse mercator projection was developed by carl friedrich gauss in 1825 and further analysed by johann heinrich louis kruger in 1912. Global level implies wgs84 ellipsoid and utm projection while national coordinate system of republic serbia is gauss kruger with bessel ellipsoid. This projection is also called the gausslambert projection acknowledging the contribution of carl friedrich gauss 17771855 to the development of the transverse mercator. Development in understanding of gausskruger projection and its. We show a derivation of the karneykrueger equations for the tm projection that give micrometre.
Generalized conformal conical gausskruger map projection. I think what you need to do is to play around with coordtrans, examine the results and compare it to other known values you expect to receive. The gausskruger projection is a conformal mapping of a reference ellipsoid of the earth onto a plane where the equator and central meridian remain as straight. Projected coordinate systems, gauss kruger europe pulkovo 1942 adj 1958 3degree gk zone 7 pulkovo 1942 adj 1983 3degree gk zone 7 pulkovo 1942 pulkovo 1942 3 degree gk zone 7 the third one is the least likely one, but i dont know which of the other two is more likely. See crs code 5678 for variant with axes order reversed to easting before northing for use in gis applications. Gausskrugerproperties of maps documentation arcgis pro. The gauss kruger coordinate system is a projection of the ellipsoid of the earth, which can be converted from latitude and longitude data deakin et al. Intro to coordinate systems and utm projection youtube. This centering minimizes distortion of all properties in that region. Gauss kruger projection projection has called gauss kruger because the theory concept had been developed by gauss, and practical concept had done by kruger on 1912th kruger 1912. This problem could be exceed if all the data are store in the same coordinate system. Summary of projected epsg geodetic parameters coordinate.
This paper studied the difference between utm and gauss tm projections and the regulation of projection deformation, and put forward the model of the coordinates system for the nigeria railway, which shall be of great benefit in the survey, design, construction and referencing of the nigeria railway project. Hence the need for data transformation from local coordinate systems to the global coordinate systems. Albanian 1987 6degree gauss kruger zone 4 area of use. Concise derivation of extensive coordinate conversion. Map projection, transverse mercator, gauss krueger, karneykrueger equations. Request pdf gauss kruger projection for areas of wide longitudinal extent this paper describes a new algorithm for calculating all equations direct and inverse transformation, convergence of. Shape conformal map projections preserve shape area equal area map projections preserve area distancescale equidistant map projections preserve distance directionangle azimuthal map projections. Gausskrugerprojection transversal conformal cylindrical a transverse mercator projection with tangential coincidence, mostly used as a zone system streifensystem with 3 zones. Overlaid on the yellow map is an orthographic projection centered on the same map center shown in blue color. Supported linear units, map projections, and projected. Transform coordinates get position on a map pulkovo 1942 3degree gauss kruger zone 24.
The orthographic map is essentially accurate over the entire illustration. The numbers are positioned at the center of utm zones 1, 2 and 3. Large and medium scale topographic mapping and engineering survey. Map projections are introduced on pages 1012, and pages. Another synonym is gauss conformal projection sometimes, the term is used for a particular computational method for transverse mercator. Gausskruger gk ar en term som anvands pa tre olika satt om an snarlika. Gauss kruger projection is a traverse conformal projection on which the narrow meridian zones of the ellipsoid are mapped to the plane. Pdf the gausskrueger projection rod deakin academia.
The gausskruger is one of a family of transverse mercator projections of which the spherical form was originally developed by johann heinrich lambert 17281777. It is one of the simplest and oldest map projections and therefore its. The shape of the earth and the geodetic datum concept are covered on pages 46. It begins with the basics of differential geometry and conformal mapping. Pdf the role of gauss and kruger is made clear in developing gausskruger projection. Jul 30, 2007 note that gauss kruger is a method to do projections from lonlat datum to eastingnorthing grid, utm uses transverse mercator which is based on gk. Kotsakis objectives in these noteswe develop a body of theory to understand and analyse the distortion properties of maps that underlie different map projection algorithms. The gausskruger projection appears to have two different forms. In germany, there are 5 zones using the gauss kruger transverse mercator projection. In cartography, the term gausskruger, named after carl friedrich gauss and johann heinrich louis kruger, is used in three slightly different ways. Lambert transverse mercator 1772 modified for the ellipsoid by gauss 1825. A grid of parallels and meridians forms perfect squares from east to west and from pole to pole. The gausskruger gk coordinate system is based on the gausskruger projection.
Then, given the conditions for a particular map projection, the particular conformal mapping equations are derived. Map projections ibm informix spatial data types support many map projections. The gauss kruger gk projection can be described as the tm projection derived by mapping directly from an ellipsoid that is tangent to the cylinder. Supported linear units, map projections, and projected coordinate systems map projection parameters name sphereonly parameters key below aitoff yes lam0 albers equal area conic lam0 phi1 phi2 phi0. Page 4 engo 421 map projections lecture notes on map projections engo 421. The following table lists a representative sample of the map projections supported by the ibm informix spatial data types. It generally does not maintain true directions, but angles and shapes are maintained at infinitesimal scale. R3 be a parameterization of cby arc length centered at p, i. The vector 000 is called the curvature vector at p. Projected coordinate systems for kazakhstan, kyrgyzstan. Pulkovo 1942 gausskruger zone 9 is a crs for medium scale topographic mapping. The transverse mercator map projection is an adaptation of the standard mercator projection.
Distances are accurate along the central meridian if the scale factor is 1. Apr 22, 2016 utm gps geodetic coordinate conversion transformation projection nad27 nad83 wgs84 geography geodetics surveying gauss krueger boga bmn dhdn grs wgs etrs etrf meldenetz lambert mercator helmert software free download utm gps geodetic coordinate conversion transformation projection nad27 nad83 wgs84 geography geodetics surveying gauss. The transverse mercator projection of the sphere was described by lambert in 1772, and is occasionally known as the lambert i projection lee, 1962. The universal transverse mercator utm coordinate syatem is commonly used in gis because it has been included since the late 1950s on most usgs topographic maps. This technique retained the properties of the two initial projections, i. The mercator map projection is one of the most well known cylindrical map projections. Secondly, conic map projections include the equidistant conic projection.
Projektionstypen kallas aven gauss konforma projektion eller gauss hannoverska projektion. At the same time, utm projection and gausskruger projection are also. Gauss kruger gnomonic goode homolosine hammeraitoff hotine oblique mercator igac plano cartesiano krovak laborde oblique mercator lambert azimuthal equalarea lambert conformal conic local loximuthal mercator miller cylindrical our map projections. Comparision between utm and grauss krueger projection in. Cylindrical projection with central meridian placed in a particular region. Point motion operations are described in section 3. The obtained projection may or may not retain the properties of the two initial projections. Content spherical trigonometry, geodetic coordinate computations in ellipsoidal and rectangu. Gausskruger projection is unable to realize seamless splicing between adjoining. The universal transverse mercator system is a specialized application of the transverse mercator projection. Note that gauss kruger is a method to do projections from lonlat datum to eastingnorthing grid, utm uses transverse mercator which is based on gk. Mercator tm or gausskruger projection is frequently used for charting topographic map.
We can recapture the bilinear form, and hence the map dn p itself, by polarizing the quadratic form q, and hence lose no information by focusing on q. Gauss kruger system, which is also based on a regular system of transverse mercator projections that each map a zone six degrees wide universal transverse mercator the northern hemisphere projections for the infamous utm system consisting of 120 zones. D h maling, coordinate systems and map projections. Chos malal 1914 argentina 2 pampa del castillo argentina 2 hito xviii 1963 argentina 2 posgar 2007 argentina 2 posgar 98 argentina 2 posgar 94 argentina 2 campo inchauspe argentina 2. Other coordinate conversions and transformations are described in section 2.
This projection is best suited for land masses that stretch northsouth. Nevermind about the epsg code, the below conversion works on any gausskruger coordinates. Map projections explained a beginners guide youtube. I was thinking about setting projection on autocad map and then using. This projection had constant scale along the central meridian and was known as the gauss conformal or gauss hannover projection. Types of cylindrical map projections you may know include the popular mercator projection, cassini, gauss kruger, miller, behrmann, hobodyer, and gallpeters. The zones are bounded by meridians 3 either side of a central meridian. Gauss, gausskruger, map projection, formula, history. Further test data to supplement the examples in this document may be found in iogp publication 430.
The transverse mercator conformal projection, or gausskruger gk projection in continental europe the. Gauss left few details of his original developments and schreiber 1866, 1897 published analyses of gauss methods, and louis krueger 1912 reevaluated both gauss and schreibers work, hence the name gauss krueger as a synonym for the tm projection. We will taker a closer look at the popular mercator projection and examine how the projection. Page 79 discuss map scale and the basics of coordinate systems. In this study, a technique was developed to combine two conformal projections, namely the conical and gauss kruger projections. The gausskruger version of the transverse mercator projection covers latitudes from 80s to 84n. Pdf development in understanding of gausskruger projection. Contribute to prclibogausskrueger development by creating an account on github. Learn what a map projection is, why they are used and what impact they have on maps gis systems. The arctochord correction for the gauss kruger plan projection if the asimutal surveys realized in the geodetic triangulation network have to be performed in the gauss projection plan, then the surveyed asimutal directions have to be reduced to the plan of this projection.
Jan 06, 2017 learn what a map projection is, why they are used and what impact they have on maps gis systems. It is a particular set of transverse mercator projections map projections used in narrow zones in europe and south america, at. Pulkovo 1942 gausskruger zone 9 uses the pulkovo 1942 geographic 2d crs as its base crs and the 6degree gauss kruger zone 9 transverse mercator as its projection. Often, it is just a synonym for the transverse mercator map projection. Map projection methods are described in section 1 below. Gauss kruger projection for areas of wide longitudinal extent. The scale is constant along the central meridian, and increases to the east and west. In this study, a technique was developed to combine two conformal projections, namely the conical and gausskruger projections. Aug 11, 2019 the obtained projection may or may not retain the properties of the two initial projections. One is a set of equations capable of micrometre accuracy anywhere within 30 of a central meridian of longitude. It is sometimes referred as gauss kruger coordinate system in other countries. Analysis of universal transverse mercator projection and. Code name and aliases source geographic crs map projection projcrs axes units 26 accra ghana national grid ghana onshore.
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